VN5E016AH-E 16 m high-side driver with analog current sense for automotive applications Features Max supply voltage VCC 41V Operating voltage range VCC 4.5 to 28V Max on-state resistance (per ch.) RON 16 m Current limitation (typ) ILIMH 73 A Off-state supply current IS 2 A(1) 1. Typical value with all loads connected. * * * General - Inrush current active management by power limitation - Very low standby current - 3.0 V CMOS compatible inputs - Optimized electromagnetic emissions - Very low electromagnetic susceptibility - In compliance with the 2002/95/EC European directive Diagnostic functions - Proportional load current sense - High current sense precision for wide current range - Current sense disable - Off-state open-load detection - Output short to VCC indication - Overload and short to ground (power limitation) indication - Thermal shutdown indication Protections - Undervoltage shutdown - Overvoltage clamp - Load current limitation - Self limiting of fast thermal transients - Protection against loss of ground and loss of VCC - Overtemperature shutdown with auto restart (thermal shutdown) September 2013 - Reverse battery protected - Electrostatic discharge protection Applications * All types of resistive, inductive and capacitive loads * Suitable as LED driver Description The VN5E016AH-E is a single channel high-side driver manufactured in the ST proprietary VIPowerTM M0-5 technology and housed in the tiny HPak package. The VN5E016AH-E is designed to drive 12 V automotive grounded loads delivering protection, diagnostics and easy 3 V and 5 V CMOS compatible interface with any microcontroller. The device integrates advanced protective functions such as load current limitation, inrush and overload active management by power limitation, overtemperature shut-off with auto restart and overvoltage active clamp. A dedicated analog current sense pin is associated with every output channel to provide enhanced diagnostic functions. These functions include fast detection of overload and short-circuit to ground through power limitation indication, overtemperature indication, short-circuit to VCC diagnosis and ON-state and OFF-state open-load detection. The current sensing and diagnostic feedback of the whole device can be disabled by pulling the CS_DIS pin high to allow sharing of the external sense resistor with other similar devices. Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 1/37 www.st.com 1 Contents VN5E016AH-E Contents 1 Block diagram and pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2 Electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 2.1 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2 Thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.4 Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.5 Electrical characteristics curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Application information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.1 GND protection network against reverse battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.1.1 Solution 1: resistor in the ground line (RGND only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.1.2 Solution 2: a diode (DGND) in the ground line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.2 Load dump protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.3 MCU I/Os protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.4 Current sense and diagnostic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3.4.1 3.5 4 Maximum demagnetization energy (VCC = 13.5V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Package and PC board thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4.1 5 Short to VCC and OFF-state open-load detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 HPak thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Package and packing information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.1 ECOPACK(R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.2 Packing information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 6 Order codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 7 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2/37 Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 VN5E016AH-E List of tables List of tables Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Table 10. Table 11. Table 12. Table 13. Table 14. Table 15. Table 16. Table 17. Table 18. Pin functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Suggested connections for unused and not connected pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Thermal data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Power section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Switching (VCC = 13 V, Tj = 25 C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Logic Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Protection and diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Current sense (8 V < VCC < 18 V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Open-load detection (8 V < VCC < 18 V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Truth table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Electrical transient requirements (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Electrical transient requirements (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Electrical transient requirements (part 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Thermal parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Package mechanical data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Device summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 3/37 List of figures VN5E016AH-E List of figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14. Figure 15. Figure 16. Figure 17. Figure 18. Figure 19. Figure 20. Figure 21. Figure 22. Figure 23. Figure 24. Figure 25. Figure 26. Figure 27. Figure 28. Figure 29. Figure 30. Figure 31. Figure 32. Figure 33. Figure 34. Figure 35. Figure 36. Figure 37. Figure 38. Figure 39. Figure 40. Figure 41. 4/37 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Configuration diagram (top view) not in scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Current and voltage conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Current sense delay characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Open-load Off-state delay timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Switching characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Delay response time between rising edge of output current and rising edge of current sense (CS enabled). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Output voltage drop limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 IOUT/ISENSE vs IOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Maximum current sense ratio drift vs load current(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Normal operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Overload or Short to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Intermittent overload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 OFF-state open-load with external circuitry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Short to VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 TJ evolution in overload or short to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Off-state output current. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 High level input current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Input clamp level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Input low level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Input high level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Input hysteresis voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 On-state resistance vs Tcase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 On-state resistance vs VCC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Undervoltage shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Turn-on voltage slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 ILIMH vs Tcase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Turn-off voltage slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 CS_DIS high level voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 CS_DIS clamp voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 CS_DIS low level voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Application schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Current sense and diagnostic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Maximum turn off current versus inductance(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 PC board(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Rthj-amb Vs. PCB copper area in open box free air condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 HPak thermal impedance junction ambient single pulse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Thermal fitting model of a single channel HSD in HPak(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Package dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 HPAK tube shipment (no suffix) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 HPAK tape and reel (suffix "TR") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 VN5E016AH-E 1 Block diagram and pin description Block diagram and pin description Figure 1. Block diagram VCC Signal Clamp Undervoltage IN Control & Diagnostic Power Clamp DRIVER VON Limitation Over temp. Current Limitation OFF State Open load CS_ DIS VSENSEH CS Current Sense OUT OVERLOAD PROTECTION (ACTIVE POWER LIMITATION) LOGIC GND Table 1. Pin functions Name VCC OUTPUT GND INPUT CURRENT SENSE CS_DIS Function Battery connection Power output (1) Ground connection Voltage controlled input pin with hysteresis, CMOS compatible. Controls output switch state Analog current sense pin, delivers a current proportional to the load current Active high CMOS compatible pin, to disable the current sense pin 1. Pins 1 and 7 must be externally tied together. Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 5/37 Block diagram and pin description Figure 2. Table 2. 6/37 VN5E016AH-E Configuration diagram (top view) not in scale 1 2 3 4 5 OUT GND IN Vcc 6 7 CS CS_DIS OUT Suggested connections for unused and not connected pins Connection / pin Current sense Output Input CS_DIS Floating Not allowed X X X To ground Through 1 k resistor Through 22 k resistor Through 10 k resistor Through 10 k resistor Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 VN5E016AH-E 2 Electrical specifications Electrical specifications Figure 3. Current and voltage conventions IS VCC IOUT ICSD OUTPUT CS_DIS VCSD ISENSE IIN VIN INPUT VOUT VCC CURRENT SENSE GND VSENSE IGND 2.1 Absolute maximum ratings Stressing the device above the rating listed in the "Absolute maximum ratings" table may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the Operating sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to Absolute Maximum Rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Refer also to the STMicroelectronics SURE Program and other relevant quality document. Table 3. Absolute maximum ratings Symbol Parameter Value Unit VCC DC supply voltage 41 V -VCC Reverse DC supply voltage 0.3 V IGND DC reverse ground pin current 200 mA IOUT DC output current Internally limited A -IOUT Reverse DC output current 20 A DC input current -1 to 10 mA DC current sense disable input current -1 to 10 mA VCC-41 +VCC V V 350 mJ IIN ICSD VCSENSE Current sense maximum voltage (VCC>0) EMAX Maximum switching energy (single pulse) (L = 1.55 mH; RL = 0; Vbat = 13.5V; Tjstart = 150C; IOUT = IlimL(Typ.)) Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 7/37 Electrical specifications Table 3. Absolute maximum ratings (continued) Symbol Value Unit VESD Electrostatic discharge (human body model: R = 1.5K; C = 100pF) - Input - Current sense - CS_DIS - Output - VCC 4000 2000 4000 5000 5000 V V V V V VESD Charge device model (CDM-AEC-Q100-011) 750 V Junction operating temperature -40 to 150 C Storage temperature -55 to 150 C Tj Tstg 2.2 Parameter Thermal data Table 4. Symbol 8/37 VN5E016AH-E Thermal data Parameter Max. value Unit Rthj-case Thermal resistance junction-case 0.63 C/W Rthj-amb 69.3 C/W Thermal resistance junction-ambient Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 VN5E016AH-E 2.3 Electrical specifications Electrical characteristics Values specified in this section are for 8 V < VCC < 28 V, -40 C < Tj < 150 C, unless otherwise specified. Table 5. Power section Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit VCC Operating supply voltage 4.5 13 28 V VUSD Undervoltage shutdown - 3.5 4.5 V VUSDhyst Undervoltage shutdown hysteresis - 0.5 - V IOUT = 5 A; Tj = 25 C - - 16 IOUT = 5 A; Tj = 150 C - - 32 IOUT = 5 A; VCC = 5 V; Tj = 25 C - - 20 Output - VCC diode voltage -IOUT = 5A; Tj = 150C - - 0.7 V Clamp Voltage Icc = 20 mA; IOUT = 0A 41 46 52 V Off-state; VCC = 13V; Tj = 25C; VIN = VOUT = VSENSE = 0V - 2 5 A On-state; VCC = 13V; VIN = 5V; IOUT = 0A - 1.5 3 mA VIN = VOUT = 0V; VCC = 13V; Tj = 25C 0 0.01 3 VIN = VOUT = 0V; VCC = 13V; Tj = 125C 0 RON VF Vclamp IS IL(off1) On-state resistance Supply current Off-state output current Table 6. Symbol m A - 5 Switching (VCC = 13 V, Tj = 25 C) Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit td(on) Turn-on delay time RL = 2.6 (see Figure 6) - 15 - s td(off) Turn-off delay time RL = 2.6 (see Figure 6) - 45 - s (dVOUT/dt)on Turn-on voltage slope RL = 2.6 - 0.2 - V/s (dVOUT/dt)off Turn-off voltage slope RL = 2.6 - 0.2 - V/s WON Switching energy losses at turn-on (twon) RL = 2.6 (see Figure 6) - 1.4 - mJ WOFF Switching energy losses at turn-off (twoff) RL = 2.6 (see Figure 6) - 0.8 - mJ Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 9/37 Electrical specifications Table 7. VN5E016AH-E Logic Inputs Symbol Parameter Test conditions VIL Input low level voltage IIL Low level input current VIH Input high level voltage IIH High level input current VI(hyst) Input hysteresis voltage VICL Input clamp voltage VCSDL CS_DIS low level voltage ICSDL Low level CS_DIS current VCSDH CS_DIS high level voltage ICSDH High level CS_DIS current Min. Typ. Max. Unit - - 0.9 V 1 - - A 2.1 - - V - - 10 A 0.25 - - V IIN = 1mA 5.5 - 7 IIN = -1mA - -0.7 - - - 0.9 V 1 - - A 2.1 - - V - - 10 A 0.25 - - V ICSD = 1mA 5.5 - 7 ICSD = -1mA - -0.7 - VIN = 0.9V VIN = 2.1V V VCSD = 0.9V VCSD = 2.1V VCSD(hyst) CS_DIS hysteresis voltage VCSCL CS_DIS clamp voltage Table 8. Symbol Protection and diagnostics (1) Parameter Test conditions IlimH Short circuit current VCC = 13V 5V<VCC<28V IlimL Short circuit current during thermal cycling VCC = 13V; TR<Tj<TTSD TTSD Shutdown temperature TR Reset temperature TRS Thermal reset of status THYST VDEMAG VON V Thermal hysteresis (TTSD-TR) Turn-off output voltage clamp IOUT = 2A; VIN = 0; L = 6mH Output voltage drop limitation IOUT = 0.5A; Tj = -40C...150C Min. Typ. Max. Unit 54 73 108 108 A A - 18 - A 150 175 200 C TRS + 1 TRS + 5 - C 135 - - C - 7 - C VCC -41 VCC -46 VCC -52 V - 25 - mV 1. To ensure long term reliability under heavy overload or short circuit conditions, protection and related diagnostic signals must be used together with a proper software strategy. If the device is subjected to abnormal conditions, this software must limit the duration and number of activation cycles 10/37 Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 VN5E016AH-E Electrical specifications Table 9. Symbol K0 K1 dK1/K1(1) K2 dK2/K2(1) K3 dK3/K3(1) ISENSE0 Current sense (8 V < VCC < 18 V) Parameter Test conditions IOUT/ISENSE IOUT = 0.25A; VSENSE = 0.5V Tj = -40C...150C IOUT/ISENSE IOUT = 5A; VSENSE = 0.5V Tj = -40C...150C Tj = 25C...150C IOUT = 5A; VSENSE = 0.5V; Current sense ratio drift VCSD = 0V; TJ = -40 C to 150 C IOUT = 10A; VSENSE = 4V Tj = -40C...150C Tj = 25C...150C IOUT/ISENSE IOUT = 10 A; VSENSE = 4 V; Current sense ratio drift VCSD = 0V; TJ = -40 C to 150 C IOUT = 25A; VSENSE = 4V Tj = -40C...150C Tj = 25C...150C IOUT/ISENSE IOUT = 25 A; VSENSE = 4 V; Current sense ratio drift VCSD = 0V; TJ = -40 C to 150 C Analog sense leakage current Min. Typ. Max. Unit 2950 6490 9400 - 4540 5130 4540 5130 6230 5720 - - 11 + 11 % 5570 5300 - +8 % 5150 5090 - % - 4640 4980 4640 4980 -8 - 4650 4860 4600 4860 -4 - +4 IOUT = 0A; VSENSE = 0V; VCSD = 5V; VIN = 0V; Tj = -40C...150C 0 - 1 IOUT = 0A; VSENSE = 0V; VCSD = 0V; VIN = 5V; Tj = -40C...150C 0 - 2 IOUT = 2A; VSENSE = 0V; VCSD = 5V; VIN = 5V; Tj = -40C...150C - - 1 A IOL Openload ON-state current detection threshold VIN = 5V; ISENSE = 5 A 5 - 70 mA VSENSE Max analog sense output voltage IOUT = 18A; RSENSE = 3.9K 5 - - V VSENSEH(2) Analog sense output V = 13V; RSENSE = 3.9K voltage in fault condition CC - 8 - V ISENSEH(2) Analog sense output V = 13V; VSENSE = 5V current in fault condition CC - 9 - mA tDSENSE1H Delay response time from falling edge of CS_DIS pin - 50 100 s VSENSE<4V, 1.5A<Iout<25A ISENSE = 90% of ISENSE max (see Figure 4.) Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 11/37 Electrical specifications Table 9. VN5E016AH-E Current sense (8 V < VCC < 18 V) (continued) Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit tDSENSE1L Delay response time from rising edge of CS_DIS pin VSENSE<4V, 1.5A<Iout<25A ISENSE = 10% of ISENSE max (see Figure 4) - 5 20 s tDSENSE2H Delay response time from rising edge of INPUT pin VSENSE<4V, 1.5A<Iout<25A ISENSE = 90% of ISENSE max (see Figure 4) - 270 600 s VSENSE < 4V, ISENSE = 90% of ISENSEMAX, IOUT = 90% of IOUTMAX IOUTMAX = 3A (see Figure 7) - - 280 s VSENSE<4V, 1.5A<Iout<25A ISENSE = 10% of ISENSE max (see Figure 4) - 100 250 s Delay response time between rising edge of tDSENSE2H output current and rising edge of current sense tDSENSE2L Delay response time from falling edge of INPUT pin 1. Parameter guaranteed by design, it is not tested. 2. Fault condition includes: power limitation, overtemperature and open-load OFF-state detection. Table 10. Symbol VOL Open-load detection (8 V < VCC < 18 V) Parameter Test conditions Open-load OFF-state voltage detection threshold Typ. 2 See Figure 5 4 V See Figure 5 180 - 1200 s VIN = 0V Output short circuit to tDSTKON VCC detection delay at turn Off 12/37 Min. Max. Unit IL(off2)r Off-state output current at VOUT = 4V VIN = 0V; VSENSE = 0V VOUT rising from 0V to 4V -120 - 0 A IL(off2)f Off-state output current at VOUT = 2V VIN = 0V; VSENSE = VSENSEH; VOUT falling from VCC to 2V -50 - 90 A td_vol Delay response from output rising edge to VSENSE rising edge in open-load VOUT = 4 V; VIN = 0V VSENSE = 90% of VSENSEH - - 20 s Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 VN5E016AH-E Electrical specifications Figure 4. Current sense delay characteristics INPUT CS_DIS LOAD CURRENT SENSE CURRENT tDSENSE2H Figure 5. tDSENSE1L tDSENSE1H tDSENSE2L Open-load Off-state delay timing OUTPUT STUCK TO VCC VIN VOUT > VOL VSENSEH VCS tDSTKON Figure 6. Switching characteristics VOUT tWon tWoff 90% 80% dVOUT/dt(off) dVOUT/dt(on) tr 10% tf t INPUT td(on) td(off) t Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 13/37 Electrical specifications Figure 7. VN5E016AH-E Delay response time between rising edge of output current and rising edge of current sense (CS enabled) VIN tDSENSE2H t IOUT IOUTMAX 90% IOUTMAX t ISENSE ISENSEMAX 90% ISENSEMAX t Figure 8. Output voltage drop limitation Vcc-Vout Tj=150oC Tj=25oC Tj=-40oC Von Iout Von/Ron(T) 14/37 Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 VN5E016AH-E Electrical specifications Figure 9. IOUT/ISENSE vs IOUT Iout / Isense 6400 6200 max Tj = -40 C to 150 C 6000 5800 5600 5400 max Tj = 25 C to 150 C 5200 5000 typical value 4800 4600 min Tj = -40 C to 150 C min Tj = 25 C to 150 C 4400 4200 4000 5 10 15 20 25 IOUT (A) Figure 10. Maximum current sense ratio drift vs load current(1) dk/k(%) 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 5 10 15 IOUT (A) 20 25 1. Parameter guaranteed by design; it is not tested. Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 15/37 Electrical specifications Table 11. VN5E016AH-E Truth table Input Output Sense (VCSD=0V)(1) Normal operation L H L H 0 Nominal Overtemperature L H L L 0 VSENSEH Undervoltage L H L L 0 0 H X (no power limitation) Cycling (power limitation) Nominal Conditions Overload H VSENSEH Short circuit to GND (power limitation) L H L L 0 VSENSEH Open-load OFF-state (with external pull-up) L H VSENSEH Short circuit to VCC (external pull-up disconnected) L H H H VSENSEH < Nominal Negative output voltage clamp L L 0 1. If the VCSD is high, the SENSE output is at a high impedance, its potential depends on leakage currents and external circuit. 16/37 Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 VN5E016AH-E Electrical specifications Table 12. Electrical transient requirements (part 1) ISO 7637-2: 2004(E) Test levels Number of pulses or test times Burst cycle/pulse repetition time Delays and Impedance Test pulse III IV 1 -75 V -100 V 5000 pulses 0.5 s 5s 2 ms, 10 2a +37 V +50 V 5000 pulses 0.2 s 5s 50 s, 2 3a -100 V -150 V 1h 90 ms 100 ms 0.1 s, 50 3b +75 V +100 V 1h 90 ms 100 ms 0.1s, 50 4 -6 V -7 V 1 pulse - 100 ms, 0.01 5b (2) +65 V +87 V 1 pulse - 400 ms, 2 Table 13. Electrical transient requirements (part 2) Test level results(1) ISO 7637-2: 2004(E) Test pulse III IV 1 C C 2a C C 3a C C 3b C C 4 C C 5b(2) C C 1. The above test levels must be considered referred to VCC = 13.5V except for pulse 5b 2. Valid in case of external load dump clamp: 40V maximum referred to ground. Table 14. Electrical transient requirements (part 3) Class Contents C All functions of the device are performed as designed after exposure to disturbance. E One or more functions of the device are not performed as designed after exposure to disturbance and cannot be returned to proper operation without replacing the device. Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 17/37 Electrical specifications 2.4 VN5E016AH-E Waveforms Figure 11. Normal operation Normal operation INPUT Nominal load Nominal load IOUT VSENSE VCS_DIS Figure 12. Overload or Short to GND Overload or Short to GND INPUT ILimH > Power Limitation Thermal cycling ILimL > IOUT VSENSE VCS_DIS 18/37 Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 VN5E016AH-E Electrical specifications Figure 13. Intermittent overload Overload or Short to GND INPUT ILimH > Power Limitation Thermal cycling ILimL > IOUT VSENSE VCS_DIS Figure 14. OFF-state open-load with external circuitry OFF-State Open Load with external circutry INPUT VOUT > VOL VOUT VOL IOUT VSENSEH > tDSTK(on) VSENSE VCS_DIS Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 19/37 Electrical specifications VN5E016AH-E Figure 15. Short to VCC Short to VCC Resistive Short to VCC Hard Short to VCC VOUT > VOL VOL VOUT IOUT tDSTK(on) tDSTK(on) VCS_DIS Figure 16. TJ evolution in overload or short to GND TJ evolution in Overload or Short to GND INPUT Self-limitation of fast thermal transients TTSD THYST TR TJ_START TJ ILimH > Power Limitation < ILimL IOUT 20/37 Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 VN5E016AH-E 2.5 Electrical specifications Electrical characteristics curves Figure 17. Off-state output current Figure 18. High level input current Iloff [nA] Iih [uA] 4000 5 3500 4.5 Vin= 2.1V 4 3000 3.5 2500 3 2000 2.5 1500 2 1.5 1000 1 500 0 -50 0.5 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 0 -50 -25 0 25 Tc [C] 100 125 150 175 100 125 150 175 150 175 Figure 20. Input low level Vicl [V] Vil [V] 7 2 6.8 1.8 Iin= 1m A 1.6 6.4 1.4 6.2 1.2 6 1 5.8 0.8 5.6 0.6 5.4 0.4 5.2 0.2 5 -50 75 Tc [C] Figure 19. Input clamp level 6.6 50 0 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 Tc [C] Tc [C] Figure 21. Input high level Figure 22. Input hysteresis voltage Vih [V] Vihyst [V] 4 1 3.5 0.9 0.8 3 0.7 2.5 0.6 2 0.5 1.5 0.4 0.3 1 0.2 0.5 0.1 0 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 -50 Tc [C] -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Tc [C] Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 21/37 Electrical specifications VN5E016AH-E Figure 23. On-state resistance vs Tcase Figure 24. On-state resistance vs VCC Ron [m Ohm ] Ron [m Ohm ] 100 40 90 80 30 70 Tc= 150C Tc= 125C Iout= 5A Vcc= 13V 60 50 20 40 Tc= 25C 30 Tc= -40C 10 20 10 0 -50 0 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 0 5 10 15 Tc [C] 20 25 30 35 40 Vcc [V] Figure 25. Undervoltage shutdown Figure 26. Turn-on voltage slope (dVout/dt)On [V/m s] Vusd [V] 1000 16 900 14 800 12 Vcc= 13V Rl= 2.6 700 10 600 8 500 400 6 300 4 200 2 0 -50 100 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 125 150 175 Tc [C] Tc [C] Figure 27. ILIMH vs Tcase Figure 28. Turn-off voltage slope Ilimh [A] (dVout/dt)Off [V/ms] 100 1000 900 Vcc= 13V 90 800 Vcc= 13V Rl= 2.6 700 80 600 70 500 400 60 300 200 50 100 40 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 0 -50 Tc [C] 22/37 -25 0 25 50 75 Tc [C] Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 100 VN5E016AH-E Electrical specifications Figure 29. CS_DIS high level voltage Figure 30. CS_DIS clamp voltage Vcsdcl [V] Vcsdh [V] 4 10 3.5 9 Iin= 1m A 8 3 7 2.5 6 2 5 1.5 4 3 1 2 0.5 1 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 0 -50 Tc [C] -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Tc [C] Figure 31. CS_DIS low level voltage Vcsdl [V] 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Tc [C] Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 23/37 Application information 3 VN5E016AH-E Application information Figure 32. Application schematic +5V VCC Rprot CS_DIS Dld C Rprot IINPUT OUTPUT Rprot CURRENT SENSE GND RSENSE Cext VGND RGND DGND 3.1 GND protection network against reverse battery 3.1.1 Solution 1: resistor in the ground line (RGND only) This can be used with any type of load. The following is an indication on how to dimension the RGND resistor. 1. RGND 600mV / (IS(on)max). 2. RGND (-VCC) / (-IGND) where -IGND is the DC reverse ground pin current and can be found in the absolute maximum rating section of the device datasheet. Power dissipation in RGND (when VCC<0: during reverse battery situations) is: Equation 1 PD= (-VCC)2/RGND This resistor can be shared amongst several different HSDs. Please note that the value of this resistor should be calculated with formula (1) where IS(on)max becomes the sum of the maximum on-state currents of the different devices. Please note that if the microprocessor ground is not shared by the device ground then the RGND will produce a shift (IS(on)max * RGND) in the input thresholds and the status output 24/37 Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 VN5E016AH-E Application information values. This shift will vary depending on how many devices are ON in the case of several high side drivers sharing the same RGND. If the calculated power dissipation leads to a large resistor or several devices have to share the same resistor then ST suggests to utilize Solution 2 (see below). 3.1.2 Solution 2: a diode (DGND) in the ground line A resistor (RGND=1k) should be inserted in parallel to DGND if the device drives an inductive load. This small signal diode can be safely shared amongst several different HSDs. Also in this case, the presence of the ground network will produce a shift (600mV) in the input threshold and in the status output values if the microprocessor ground is not common to the device ground. This shift will not vary if more than one HSD shares the same diode/resistor network. 3.2 Load dump protection Dld is necessary (voltage transient suppressor) if the load dump peak voltage exceeds the VCC max DC rating. The same applies if the device is subject to transients on the VCC line that are greater than the ones shown in the ISO T/R 7637/1 table. 3.3 MCU I/Os protection If a ground protection network is used and negative transients are present on the VCC line, the control pins will be pulled negative. ST suggests to insert a resistor (Rprot) in line to prevent the C I/Os pins to latch-up. The value of these resistors is a compromise between the leakage current of C and the current required by the HSD I/Os (Input levels compatibility) with the latch-up limit of C I/Os. Equation 2 VCCpeak/Ilatchup Rprot (VOHC-VIH-VGND) / IIHmax Calculation example: For VCCpeak = -100V; Ilatchup 20mA; VOHC 4.5V 5k Rprot 65k. Recommended values: Rprot = 10k, CEXT = 10nF. Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 25/37 Application information 3.4 VN5E016AH-E Current sense and diagnostic The current sense pin performs a double function (see Figure 33: Current sense and diagnostic): Current mirror of the load current in normal operation, delivering a current proportional to the load one according to a know ratio KX. The current ISENSE can be easily converted to a voltage VSENSE by means of an external resistor RSENSE. Linearity between IOUT and VSENSE is ensured up to 5V minimum (see parameter VSENSE in Table 9: Current sense (8 V < VCC < 18 V)). The current sense accuracy depends on the output current (refer to current sense electrical characteristics Table 9: Current sense (8 V < VCC < 18 V)). Diagnostic flag in fault conditions, delivering a fixed voltage VSENSEH up to a maximum current ISENSEH in case of the following fault conditions (refer to Truth table): - Power limitation activation - Overtemperature - Short to VCC in OFF-state - Open-load in OFF-state with additional external components. A logic level high on CS_DIS pin sets at the same time all the current sense pins of the device in a high impedance state, thus disabling the current monitoring and diagnostic detection. This feature allows multiplexing of the microcontroller analog inputs by sharing of sense resistance and ADC line among different devices. Figure 33. Current sense and diagnostic VPU VBAT VCC Main MOSn 41V PU_CMD Overtemperature IOUT/KX RPU + OL OFF ISENSEH VOL Pwr_Lim CS_DIS OUTn ILoff2r ILoff2f INPUTn VSENSEH CURRENT SENSEn RPROT To uC ADC 26/37 RSENSE GND Load RPD VSENSE Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 VN5E016AH-E 3.4.1 Application information Short to VCC and OFF-state open-load detection Short to VCC A short circuit between VCC and output is indicated by the relevant current sense pin set to VSENSEH during the device off-state. Small or no current is delivered by the current sense during the on-state depending on the nature of the short circuit. OFF-state open-load with external circuitry Detection of an open-load in off mode requires an external pull-up resistor RPU connecting the output to a positive supply voltage VPU. It is preferable VPU to be switched off during the module standby mode in order to avoid the overall standby current consumption to increase in normal conditions, i.e. when load is connected. An external pull down resistor RPD connected between output and GND is mandatory to avoid misdetection in case of floating outputs in off-state (see Figure 33: Current sense and diagnostic). RPD must be selected in order to ensure VOUT < VOLmin unless pulled up by the external circuitry: Equation 3 VOUT Pull - up _ OFF = RPD I L ( off 2) f < VOL min = 2V RPD 22 K is recommended. For proper open-load detection in off-state, the external pull-up resistor must be selected according to the following formula: Equation 4 VOUT Pull - up _ ON = RPD VPU - RPU RPD I L ( off 2) r RPU + RPD > VOL max = 4V For the values of VOLmin,VOLmax, IL(off2)r and IL(off2)f see Table 10: Open-load detection (8 V < VCC < 18 V). Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 27/37 Application information 3.5 VN5E016AH-E Maximum demagnetization energy (VCC = 13.5V) Figure 34. Maximum turn off current versus inductance(1) 100 A B C I (A) 10 1 0,1 1 L (mH) 10 100 A: Tjstart = 150C single pulse B: Tjstart = 100C repetitive pulse C: Tjstart = 125C repetitive pulse VIN, IL Demagnetization Demagnetization Demagnetization t 1. Values are generated with RL = 0. In case of repetitive pulses, Tjstart (at beginning of each demagnetization) of every pulse must not exceed the temperature specified above for curves A and B. 28/37 Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 VN5E016AH-E Package and PC board thermal data 4 Package and PC board thermal data 4.1 HPak thermal data Figure 35. PC board(1) 1. Layout condition of Rth and Zth measurements (PCB FR4 area = 58 mm x 58 mm, PCB thickness = 1.8 mm, Cu thickness = 70 m, Copper areas: from minimum pad lay-out to 8 cm2). Figure 36. Rthj-amb Vs. PCB copper area in open box free air condition RTHjamb 75 70 65 60 55 RTHjamb 50 45 40 35 30 0 2 4 Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 6 8 10 29/37 Package and PC board thermal data VN5E016AH-E Figure 37. HPak thermal impedance junction ambient single pulse Equation 5: pulse calculation formula Z TH = R TH + Z THtp ( 1 - ) where = tP/T Figure 38. Thermal fitting model of a single channel HSD in HPak(1) 1. The fitting model is a simplified thermal tool and is valid for transient evolutions where the embedded protections (power limitation or thermal cycling during thermal shutdown) are not triggered. 30/37 Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 VN5E016AH-E Package and PC board thermal data Table 15. Thermal parameter Area/island (cm2) Footprint 4 8 R1 (C/W) 0.1 - - R2 (C/W) 0.2 - - R3 (C/W) 2 - - R4 (C/W) 8 - - R5 (C/W) 28 22 12 R6 (C/W) 31 25 16 C1 (W.s/C) 0.0001 - - C2 (W.s/C) 0.002 - - C3 (W.s/C) 0.05 - - C4 (W.s/C) 0.4 - - C5 (W.s/C) 0.8 1.4 3 C6 (W.s/C) 3 6 9 Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 31/37 Package and packing information VN5E016AH-E 5 Package and packing information 5.1 ECOPACK(R) In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of ECOPACK(R) packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK(R) specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com. ECOPACK(R) is an ST trademark. Figure 39. Package dimension 32/37 Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 VN5E016AH-E Package and packing information Table 16. Package mechanical data Data book mm Ref. dim Nom. Min. Max. A - 2.20 2.40 A1 - 0.90 1.10 A2 - 0.03 0.23 b - 0.45 0.60 b4 - 5.20 5.40 c - 0.45 0.60 c2 - 0.48 0.60 D - 6.00 6.20 D1 5.10 - - E - 6.40 6.60 E1 5.20 - - e 0.85 - - e1 - 1.60 1.80 e2 - 3.30 3.50 e3 - 5.00 5.20 H - 9.35 10.10 L - 1 - (L1) 2.80 - - L2 0.80 - - L4 - 0.60 1.00 R 0.20 - - V2 - 0 8 Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 33/37 Package and packing information 5.2 VN5E016AH-E Packing information The devices can be packed in tube or tape and reel shipments (see Table 17: Device summary). Figure 40. HPAK tube shipment (no suffix) A Base q.ty Bulk q.ty Tube length ( 0.5) A B C ( 0.1) C B 75 3000 532 6 21.3 0.6 All dimensions are in mm. Figure 41. HPAK tape and reel (suffix "TR") REEL DIMENSIONS All dimensions are in mm. Base q.ty Bulk q.ty A (max) B (min) C ( 0.2) F G (+ 2 / -0) N (min) T (max) 2500 2500 330 1.5 13 20.2 16.4 60 22.4 TAPE DIMENSIONS According to Electronic Industries Association (EIA) Standard 481 rev. A, Feb 1986 Tape width Tape hole spacing Component spacing Hole diameter Hole diameter Hole position Compartment depth Hole spacing W P0 ( 0.1) P D (+ 0.1/-0) D1 (min) F ( 0.05) K (max) P1 ( 0.1) All dimensions are in mm. 16 4 8 1.5 1.5 7.5 2.75 2 End Start Top cover tape No components Components 500mm min Empty components pockets saled with cover tape. User direction of feed 34/37 Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 No components 500mm min VN5E016AH-E 6 Order codes Order codes Table 17. Device summary Order codes Package 7 pins H-pack Tube Tape and reel VN5E016AH-E VN5E016AHTR-E Doc ID 15994 Rev 5 35/37 Revision history 7 VN5E016AH-E Revision history Table 18. 36/37 Document revision history Date Revision Changes 07-Jul-2009 1 Initial release. 29-Oct-2009 2 Added Section 5.2: Packing information. 01-Jun-2010 3 Updated Table 16: Package mechanical data. 04-Aug-2010 4 Table 9: Current sense (8 V < VCC < 18 V): - Updated dK1/K1 test conditions 19-Sep-2013 5 Updated Disclaimer. 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