LM5111 Dual 5A Compound Gate Driver General Description The LM5111 Dual Gate Driver replaces industry standard gate drivers with improved peak output current and efficiency. Each "compound" output driver stage includes MOS and bipolar transistors operating in parallel that together sink more than 5A peak from capacitive loads. Combining the unique characteristics of MOS and bipolar devices reduces drive current variation with voltage and temperature. Undervoltage lockout protection is also provided. The drivers can be operated in parallel with inputs and outputs connected to double the drive current capability. This device is available in the SOIC-8 package or the thermally enhanced MSOP8-EP package. Features n Independently drives two N-Channel MOSFETs n Compound CMOS and bipolar outputs reduce output current variation n 5A sink/3A source current capability n Two channels can be connected in parallel to double the drive current n Independent inputs (TTL compatible) n Fast propagation times (25 ns typical) n Fast rise and fall times (14 ns/12 ns rise/fall with 2 nF load) n Available in dual non-inverting, dual inverting and combination configurations n Supply rail under-voltage lockout protection n Pin compatible with industry standard gate drivers Typical Applications n Synchronous Rectifier Gate Drivers n Switch-mode Power Supply Gate Driver n Solenoid and Motor Drivers Packages n SOIC-8 n Thermally Enhanced MSOP8-EP Connection Diagram 20112301 SOIC-8, eMSOP-8 (c) 2006 National Semiconductor Corporation DS201123 www.national.com LM5111 Dual 5A Compound Gate Driver March 2006 LM5111 Ordering Information Order Number Package Type NSC Package Drawing SOIC-8 M08A Shipped in anti-static units, 95 Units/Rail LM5111-1MX SOIC-8 M08A 2500 shipped in Tape & Reel LM5111-2M SOIC-8 M08A Shipped in anti-static units, 95 Units/Rail LM5111-2MX SOIC-8 M08A 2500 shipped in Tape & Reel LM5111-3M SOIC-8 M08A Shipped in anti-static units, 95 Units/Rail LM5111-3MX SOIC-8 M08A 2500 shipped in Tape & Reel LM5111-1M Supplied As LM5111-1MY MSOP8-EP MUY08A 1000 shipped in Tape & Reel LM5111-1MYX MSOP8-EP MUY08A 3500 shipped in Tape & Reel LM5111-2MY MSOP8-EP MUY08A 1000 shipped in Tape & Reel LM5111-2MYX MSOP8-EP MUY08A 3500 shipped in Tape & Reel LM5111-3MY MSOP8-EP MUY08A 1000 shipped in Tape & Reel LM5111-3MYX MSOP8-EP MUY08A 3000 shipped in Tape & Reel Pin Descriptions Pin Name Description Application Information 1 NC No Connect 2 IN_A `A' side control input TTL compatible thresholds. 3 VEE Ground reference for both inputs and outputs Connect to power ground. 4 IN_B `B' side control input TTL compatible thresholds. 5 OUT_B Output for the `B' side driver. Voltage swing of this output is from VCC to VEE. The output stage is capable of sourcing 3A and sinking 5A. 6 VCC Positive output supply Locally decouple to VEE. 7 OUT_A. Output for the `A' side driver. Voltage swing of this output is from VCC to VEE. The output stage is capable of sourcing 3A and sinking 5A. 8 NC No Connect Configuration Table "A" Output Configuration "B" Output Configuration Package LM5111-1M/-1MX/-1MY/-1MYX Part Number Non-Inverting Non-Inverting SOIC-8, MSOP8-EP LM5111-2M/-2MX/-2MY/-2MYX Inverting Inverting SOIC-8, MSOP8-EP LM5111-3M/-3MX/-3MY/-3MYX Inverting Non-Inverting SOIC-8, MSOP8-EP www.national.com 2 Storage Temperature Range, (TSTG) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Maximum Junction Temperature, (TJ(max)) +150C Operating Junction Temperature +125C VCC to VEE -0.3V to 15V ESD Rating IN to VEE -0.3V to 15V -55C to +150C 2kV Electrical Characteristics TJ = -40C to +125C, VCC = 12V, VEE = 0V, No Load on OUT_A or OUT_B, unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter Conditions VCC Operating Range VCC-VEE VCCR VCC Under Voltage Lockout (rising) VCC-VEE VCCH VCC Under Voltage Lockout Hysteresis ICC VCC Supply Current (ICC) Min Typ 3.5 2.3 2.9 Max Units 14 V 3.5 V 230 mV IN_A = IN_B = 0V (5111-1) 1 IN_A = IN_B = VCC (5111-2) 1 2 2 IN_A = VCC, IN_B = 0V (5111-3) 1 2 mA CONTROL INPUTS VIH Logic High VIL Logic Low VthH High Threshold 1.3 VthL Low Threshold 0.8 HYS Input Hysteresis IIL Input Current Low IN_A=IN_B=VCC (5111-1-2-3) IIH Input Current High IN_B=VCC (5111-3) IN_A=IN_B=VCC (5111-2) IN_A=IN_B=VCC (5111-1) IN_A=VCC (5111-3) 2.2 V 0.8 V 1.75 2.2 V 1.35 2.0 400 -1 V mV 0.1 1 10 18 25 -1 0.1 1 10 18 25 -1 0.1 1 A OUTPUT DRIVERS ROH Output Resistance High IOUT = -10 mA (Note 2) 30 50 ROL Output Resistance Low IOUT = + 10 mA (Note 2) 1.4 2.5 ISource Peak Source Current OUTA/OUTB = VCC/2, 200 ns Pulsed Current 3 A ISink Peak Sink Current OUTA/OUTB = VCC/2, 200 ns Pulsed Current 5 A 3 www.national.com LM5111 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) LM5111 Electrical Characteristics (Continued) TJ = -40C to +125C, VCC = 12V, VEE = 0V, No Load on OUT_A or OUT_B, unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units 25 40 ns SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS td1 Propagation Delay Time Low to High, IN rising (IN to OUT) CLOAD = 2 nF, see Figure 1 td2 Propagation Delay Time High to CLOAD = 2 nF, see Figure 1 Low, IN falling (IN to OUT) 25 40 ns tr Rise Time CLOAD = 2 nF, see Figure 1 14 25 ns tf Fall Time CLOAD = 2 nF, see Figure 1 12 25 ns TJ = 150C 500 mA LATCHUP PROTECTION AEC - Q100, Method 004 THERMAL RESISTANCE JA Junction to Ambient, 0 LFPM Air Flow SOIC-8 Package MSOP8-EP Package 170 60 C/W JC Junction to Case SOIC-8 Package MSOP8-EP Package 70 4.7 C/W Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings are conditions under which operation of the device is intended to be functional. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. Note 2: The output resistance specification applies to the MOS device only. The total output current capability is the sum of the MOS and Bipolar devices. Timing Waveforms 20112306 20112305 (b) (a) FIGURE 1. (a) Inverting, (b) Non-Inverting www.national.com 4 LM5111 Typical Performance Characteristics Supply Current vs Frequency Supply Current vs Capacitive Load 20112311 20112310 Rise and Fall Time vs Supply Voltage Rise and Fall Time vs Temperature 20112312 20112313 Rise and Fall Time vs Capacitive Load Delay Time vs Supply Voltage 20112314 20112315 5 www.national.com LM5111 Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) Delay Time vs Temperature RDSON vs Supply Voltage 20112317 20112316 UVLO Thresholds and Hysteresis vs Temperature 20112318 www.national.com 6 LM5111 Block Diagram 20112303 Block Diagram of LM5111 7 www.national.com LM5111 ground are a) between LM5111 VEE pin and the ground of the circuit that controls the driver inputs, b) between LM5111 VEE pin and the source of the power MOSFET being driven. All these paths should be as short as possible to reduce inductance and be as wide as possible to reduce resistance. All these ground paths should be kept distinctly separate to avoid coupling between the high current output paths and the logic signals that drive the LM5111. A good method is to dedicate one copper plane in a multi-layered PCB to provide a common ground surface. 3. With the rise and fall times in the range of 10 ns to 30 ns, care is required to minimize the lengths of current carrying conductors to reduce their inductance and EMI from the high di/dt transients generated by the LM5111. Detailed Operating Description LM5111 dual gate driver consists of two independent and identical driver channels with TTL compatible logic inputs and high current totem-pole outputs that source or sink current to drive MOSFET gates. The driver output consist of a compound structure with MOS and bipolar transistor operating in parallel to optimize current capability over a wide output voltage and operating temperature range. The bipolar device provides high peak current at the critical threshold region of the MOSFET VGS while the MOS devices provide rail-to-rail output swing. The totem pole output drives the MOSFET gate between the gate drive supply voltage VCC and the power ground potential at the VEE pin. The control inputs of the drivers are high impedance CMOS buffers with TTL compatible threshold voltages. The LM5111 pinout was designed for compatibility with industry standard gate drivers in single supply gate driver applications. The input stage of each driver should be driven by a signal with a short rise and fall time. Slow rising and falling input signals, although not harmful to the driver, may result in the output switching repeatedly at a high frequency. The two driver channels of the LM5111 are designed as identical cells. Transistor matching inherent to integrated circuit manufacturing ensures that the AC and DC peformance of the channels are nearly identical. Closely matched propagation delays allow the dual driver to be operated as a single with inputs and output pins connected. The drive current capability in parallel operation is precisely 2X the drive of an individual channel. Small differences in switching speed between the driver channels will produce a transient current (shoot-through) in the output stage when two output pins are connected to drive a single load. Differences in input thresholds between the driver channels will also produce a transient current (shoot-through) in the output stage. Fast transition input signals are especially important while operating in a parallel configuration. The efficiency loss for parallel operation has been characterized at various loads, supply voltages and operating frequencies. The power dissipation in the LM5111 increases be less than 1% relative to the dual driver configuration when operated as a single driver with inputs/ outputs connected. An Under Voltage Lock Out (UVLO) circuit is included in the LM5111 , which senses the voltage difference between VCC and the chip ground pin, VEE. When the VCC to VEE voltage difference falls below 2.8V both driver channels are disabled. The UVLO hysteresis prevents chattering during brown-out conditions and the driver will resume normal operation when the VCC to VEE differential voltage exceeds approximately 3.0V. The LM5111 is available in dual non-inverting (-1), dual Inverting (-2) and the combination inverting plus noninverting (-3) configurations. All three configurations are offered in the SOIC-8 plastic package. 4. The LM5111 footprint is compatible with other industry standard drivers including the TC4426/27/28 and UCC27323/4/5. 5. If either channel is not being used, the respective input pin (IN_A or IN_B) should be connected to either VEE or VCC to avoid spurious output signals. Thermal Performance INTRODUCTION The primary goal of thermal management is to maintain the integrated circuit (IC) junction temperature (TJ) below a specified maximum operating temperature to ensure reliability. It is essential to estimate the maximum TJ of IC components in worst case operating conditions. The junction temperature is estimated based on the power dissipated in the IC and the junction to ambient thermal resistance JA for the IC package in the application board and environment. The JA is not a given constant for the package and depends on the printed circuit board design and the operating environment. DRIVE POWER REQUIREMENT CALCULATIONS IN LM5111 The LM5111 dual low side MOSFET driver is capable of sourcing/sinking 3A/5A peak currents for short intervals to drive a MOSFET without exceeding package power dissipation limits. High peak currents are required to switch the MOSFET gate very quickly for operation at high frequencies. Layout Considerations Attention must be given to board layout when using LM5111. Some important considerations include: 1. A Low ESR/ESL capacitor must be connected close to the IC and between the VCC and VEE pins to support high peak currents being drawn from VCC during turn-on of the MOSFET. 2. Proper grounding is crucial. The drivers need a very low impedance path for current return to ground avoiding inductive loops. The two paths for returning current to www.national.com 20112307 FIGURE 2. The schematic above shows a conceptual diagram of the LM5111 output and MOSFET load. Q1 and Q2 are the switches within the gate driver. RG is the gate resistance of 8 We know that the junction temperature is given by (Continued) TJ = PD x JA + TA Or the rise in temperature is given by TRISE = TJ - TA = PD x JA For SOIC-8 package JA is estimated as 170C/W for the conditions of natural convection. For MSOP8-EP JA is typically 60C/W. Therefore for SOIC TRISE is equal to TRISE = 0.236 x 170 = 40.1C the external MOSFET, and CIN is the equivalent gate capacitance of the MOSFET. The gate resistance Rg is usually very small and losses in it can be neglected. The equivalent gate capacitance is a difficult parameter to measure since it is the combination of CGS (gate to source capacitance) and CGD (gate to drain capacitance). Both of these MOSFET capacitances are not constants and vary with the gate and drain voltage. The better way of quantifying gate capacitance is the total gate charge QG in coloumbs. QG combines the charge required by CGS and CGD for a given gate drive voltage VGATE. CONTINUOUS CURRENT RATING OF LM5111 The LM5111 can deliver pulsed source/sink currents of 3A and 5A to capacitive loads. In applications requiring continuous load current (resistive or inductive loads), package power dissipation, limits the LM5111 current capability far below the 5A sink/3A source capability. Rated continuous current can be estimated both when sourcing current to or sinking current from the load. For example when sinking, the maximum sink current can be calculated as: Assuming negligible gate resistance, the total power dissipated in the MOSFET driver due to gate charge is approximated by PDRIVER = VGATE x QG x FSW Where FSW = switching frequency of the MOSFET. For example, consider the MOSFET MTD6N15 whose gate charge specified as 30 nC for VGATE = 12V. The power dissipation in the driver due to charging and discharging of MOSFET gate capacitances at switching frequency of 300 kHz and VGATE of 12V is equal to PDRIVER = 12V x 30 nC x 300 kHz = 0.108W. If both channels of the LM5111 are operating at equal frequency with equivalent loads, the total losses will be twice as this value which is 0.216W. In addition to the above gate charge power dissipation, transient power is dissipated in the driver during output transitions. When either output of the LM5111 changes state, current will flow from VCC to VEE for a very brief interval of time through the output totem-pole N and P channel MOSFETs. The final component of power dissipation in the driver is the power associated with the quiescent bias current consumed by the driver input stage and Under-voltage lockout sections. Characterization of the LM5111 provides accurate estimates of the transient and quiescent power dissipation components. At 300 kHz switching frequency and 30 nC load used in the example, the transient power will be 8 mW. The 1 mA nominal quiescent current and 12V VGATE supply produce a 12 mW typical quiescent power. Therefore the total power dissipation PD = 0.216 + 0.008 + 0.012 = 0.236W. where RDS(on) is the on resistance of lower MOSFET in the output stage of LM5111. Consider TJ(max) of 125C and JA of 170C/W for an SO-8 package under the condition of natural convection and no air flow. If the ambient temperature (TA) is 60C, and the RDS(on) of the LM5111 output at TJ(max) is 2.5, this equation yields ISINK(max) of 391mA which is much smaller than 5A peak pulsed currents. Similarly, the maximum continuous source current can be calculated as where VDIODE is the voltage drop across hybrid output stage which varies over temperature and can be assumed to be about 1.1V at TJ(max) of 125C. Assuming the same parameters as above, this equation yields ISOURCE(max) of 347mA. 9 www.national.com LM5111 Thermal Performance LM5111 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted NOTES: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED 1. STANDARD LEAD FINISH TO BE 200 MICROINCHES/5.08 MICROMETERS MINIMUM LEAD/TIN(SOLDER) ON COPPER. 2. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. 3. REFERENCE JEDEC REGISTRATION MS-012, VARIATION AA, DATED MAY 1990. 8-Lead SOIC Package NS Package Number M08A www.national.com 10 LM5111 Dual 5A Compound Gate Driver Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued) 8-Lead Exposed Pad MSOP Package NS Package Number MUY08A National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications. For the most current product information visit us at www.national.com. LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL'S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. 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