LP4950C-5V, LP4951C
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LP4950C-5V and LP4951C Adjustable Micropower Voltage Regulators
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1FEATURES DESCRIPTION
The LP4950C and LP4951C are micropower voltage
2• High Accuracy 5V Specified 100mA Output regulators with very low quiescent current (75μA typ.)
• Extremely Low Quiescent Current and very low dropout voltage (typ. 40mV at light loads
• Low Dropout Voltage and 380mV at 100mA). They are ideally suited for
use in battery-powered systems. Furthermore, the
• Extremely Tight Load and Line Regulation quiescent current of the LP4950C/LP4951C
• Very Low Temperature Coefficient increases only slightly in dropout, prolonging battery
• Use as Regulator or Reference life.
• Needs Only 1μF for Stability The LP4950C in the popular 3-pin TO-92 package is
• Current and Thermal Limiting pin compatible with older 5V regulators. The 8-lead
.LP4951C is available in a plastic surface mount
package and offers additional system functions.
LP4951C VERSIONS ONLY One such feature is an error flag output which warns
of a low output voltage, often due to falling batteries
• Error Flag Warns of Output Dropout on the input. It may be used for a power-on reset. A
• Logic-controlled Electronic Shutdown second feature is the logic-compatible shutdown input
• Output Pogrammable From 1.24 to 29V which enables the regulator to be switched on and
off. Also, the part may be pin-strapped for a 5V
output or programmed from 1.24V to 29V with an
external pair of resistors.
Careful design of the LP4950C/LP4951C has
minimized all contributions to the error budget. This
includes a tight initial tolerance (.5% typ.), extremely
good load and line regulation (.05% typ.) and a very
low output voltage temperature coefficient, making
the part useful as a low-power voltage reference.
BLOCK DIAGRAM AND TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
LP4950C LP4951C
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
1Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
2All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Copyright © 2002–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
LP4950C-5V, LP4951C
SNVS208C –SEPTEMBER 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013
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These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1)
Input Supply Voltage −0.3 to +30V
SHUTDOWN Input Voltage, −0.3 to +30V
Error Comparator Output
Voltage, (2)
FEEDBACK Input Voltage (2) (3) −1.5 to +30V
Power Dissipation Internally Limited
Junction Temperature (TJ) +150°C
Ambient Storage Temperature −65° to +150°C
ESD Rating
Human Body Model (4) 2 kV
For soldering specifications, see the following document: www.ti.com/lit/snoa549
(1) Absolute Maximum Ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings are conditions under which
operation of the device is specified. Operating Ratings do not imply specified performance limits. For specified performance limits and
associated test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics tables.
(2) May exceed input supply voltage.
(3) When used in dual-supply systems where the output terminal sees loads returned to a negative supply, the output voltage should be
diode-clamped to ground.
(4) Human Body Model 1.5 kΩin series with 100 pF. LP4950 - passes 2 kV HBM. LP4951 - All pins pass 2 kV except Vfb -1000V.
OPERATING RATINGS (1)
Maximum Input Supply Voltage 30V
Junction Temperature Range(2)
LP4950C, LP4951C −40°C to 125°C
(1) Absolute Maximum Ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings are conditions under which
operation of the device is specified. Operating Ratings do not imply specified performance limits. For specified performance limits and
associated test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics tables.
(2) The junction-to-ambient thermal resistances are as follows: 180°C/W and 160°C/W for the TO-92 package with 0.40 inch and 0.25 inch
leads to the printed circuit board (PCB) respectively, 160°C/W for the molded plastic SOIC (D). The above thermal resistances for the
SOIC package apply when the package is soldered directly to the PCB.
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ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (1)
LP4950CZ
LP4951CM
Conditions
Parameter Units
(1) Tested Design
Typ Limit(2) Limit(3)
Output Voltage TJ= 25°C 5.0 5.1 V max
4.9 V min
−25°C ≤TJ≤85°C 5.15 V max
4.85 V min
Full Operating Temperature Range 5.2 V max
4.8 V min
Output Voltage 100 μA≤IL≤100 mA 5.24 V max
TJ≤TJMAX 4.76 V min
Output Voltage Temperature (4) 150 ppm/°C
Coefficient
Line Regulation(5) 6V ≤VIN ≤30V (6) 0.04 0.2 % max
0.4 % max
Load Regulation(5) 100μA≤IL≤100mA 0.1 0.2 % max
0.3 % max
Dropout Voltage(7) IL= 100μA 50 80 mV max
150 mV max
IL= 100mA 380 450 mV max
600 mV max
Ground Current IL= 100μA 75 150 μA max
170 μA max
IL= 100mA 8 15 mA max
19 mA max
Dropout Ground Current VIN = 4.5V 110 200 μA max
IL= 100μA230 μA max
Current Limit VOUT = 0 160 200 mA max
220 mA max
Thermal Regulation (8) 0.05 0.2 %/W max
Output Noise, 10 Hz to 100 kHz CL= 1μF 430 μV rms
CL= 200μF 160 μV rms
CL= 3.3μF (Bypass = 0.01μF Pins 7 100 μV rms
to 1 (LP4951C)
(1) Unless otherwise noted all limits specified for VIN = 6V, IL= 100μA and CL= 1μF. Limits appearing in boldface type apply over the
entire junction temperature range for operation. Limits appearing in normal type apply for TA= TJ= 25°C. Additional conditions for the 8-
pin versions are FEEDBACK tied to VTAP, OUTPUT tied to SENSE (VOUT = 5V), and VSHUTDOWN ≤0.8V.
(2) Specified and 100% production tested.
(3) Specified but not 100% production tested. These limits are not used to calculate outgoing AQL levels.
(4) Output or reference voltage temperature coefficient is defined as the worst case voltage change divided by the total temperature range.
(5) Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulse testing with a low duty cycle. Changes in output voltage due to
heating effects are covered under the specification for thermal regulation.
(6) Line regulation for the LP4951C is tested at 150°C for IL= 1 mA. For IL= 100μA and TJ= 125°C, line regulation is specified by design to
0.2%. See Typical Performance Characteristics for line regulation versus temperature and load current.
(7) Dropout Voltage is defined as the input to output differential at which the output voltage drops 100 mV below its nominal value
measured at 1V differential. At very low values of programmed output voltage, the minimum input supply voltage of 2V (2.3V over
temperature) must be taken into account.
(8) Thermal regulation is defined as the change in output voltage at a time T after a change in power dissipation is applied, excluding load
or line regulation effects. Specifications are for a 50 mA load pulse at VIN = 30V (1.25W pulse) for T = 10ms.
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ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS LP4951C
Parameter Conditions (1) Typ Tested Limit Design Limit Units
(2) (3)
8-PIN VERSIONS ONLY
Reference Voltage 1.235 1.285 V max
1.295 V max
1.185 V min
1.165 Vmin
Reference Voltage (4) 1.335 V max
1.135 V min
Feedback Pin Bias Current 20 40 nA max
60 nA max
Reference Voltage (5) 50 ppm/°C
Temperature Coefficient
Feedback Pin Bias Current 0.1 nA/°C
Temperature Coefficient
Error Comparator
Output Leakage Current VOH = 30V 0.01 1 μA max
2μA max
Output Low Voltage VIN = 4.5V 150 250 mV max
IOL = 400μA400 mV max
Upper Threshold Voltage (3) 60 40 mV min
25 mV min
Lower Threshold Voltage (6) 75 95 mV max
140 mV max
Hysteresis (6) 15 mV
Shutdown Input
Input Logic Voltage 1.3 V
Low (Regulator ON) 0.7 V max
High (Regulator OFF) 2.0 V min
Shutdown Pin Input Current VSHUTDOWN = 2.4V 30 50 μA max
100 μA max
VSHUTDOWN = 30V 450 600 μA max
750 μA max
Regulator Output Current in (7) 3 10 μA max
Shutdown 20 μA max
(1) Unless otherwise noted all limits specified for VIN = 6V, IL= 100μA and CL= 1μF. Limits appearing in boldface type apply over the
entire junction temperature range for operation. Limits appearing in normal type apply for TA= TJ= 25°C. Additional conditions for the 8-
pin versions are FEEDBACK tied to VTAP, OUTPUT tied to SENSE (VOUT = 5V), and VSHUTDOWN ≤0.8V.
(2) Specified and 100% production tested.
(3) Specified but not 100% production tested. These limits are not used to calculate outgoing AQL levels.
(4) VREF ≤VOUT ≤(VIN −1V), 2.3V ≤VIN ≤30V, 100μA≤IL≤100mA, TJ≤TJMAX.
(5) Output or reference voltage temperature coefficient is defined as the worst case voltage change divided by the total temperature range.
(6) Comparator thresholds are expressed in terms of a voltage differential at the Feedback terminal below the nominal reference voltage
measured at VIN = 6V. To express these thresholds in terms of output voltage change, multiply by the error amplifier gain = VOUT/VREF =
(R1 + R2)/R2.For example, at a programmed output voltage of 5V, the Error output is specified to go low when the output drops by 95
mV × 5V/1.235V = 384 mV. Thresholds remain constant as a percent of VOUT as VOUT is varied, with the dropout warning occurring at
typically 5% below nominal, 7.5% specified.
(7) VSHUTDOWN ≥2V, VIN ≤30V, VOUT = 0, Feedback pin tied to VTAP.
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CONNECTION DIAGRAMS
TO-92 Plastic Package Surface-Mount Package (SOIC)
Figure 3. Bottom View Figure 4. Top View
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
.
Quiescent Current Dropout Characteristics
Figure 5. Figure 6.
Input Current Input Current
Figure 7. Figure 8.
Output Voltage
vs.
Temperature of 3
Representative Units Quiescent Current
Figure 9. Figure 10.
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
.Quiescent Current Quiescent Current
Figure 11. Figure 12.
Quiescent Current Short Circuit Current
Figure 13. Figure 14.
Dropout Voltage Dropout Voltage
Figure 15. Figure 16.
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0 1 2 3 4 5
-2
0
2
4
6
8
COMPARATOR OUTPUT (V)
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
VOUT = 5V
HYSTERESIS
NOTE: PULLUP RESISTOR TO
SEPARATE 5V SUPPLY
LP4950C-5V, LP4951C
SNVS208C –SEPTEMBER 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
.LP4951C Minimum Operating Voltage LP4951C Feedback Bias Current
Figure 17. Figure 18.
LP4951C Feedback Pin Current LP4951C Error Comparator Output
Figure 19. Figure 20.
LP4951C Comparator Sink Current Line Transient Response
Figure 21. Figure 22.
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
.Load Transient Response Load Transient Response
Figure 23. Figure 24.
LP4951C Enable Transient Output Impedance
Figure 25. Figure 26.
Ripple Rejection Ripple Rejection
Figure 27. Figure 28.
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
.Ripple Rejection Output Noise
Figure 29. Figure 30.
LP4951C Divider Resistance Shutdown Threshold Voltage
Figure 31. Figure 32.
Line Regulation LP4951C Maximum Rated Output Current
Figure 33. Figure 34.
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
.Thermal Response
Figure 35.
APPLICATION HINTS
EXTERNAL CAPACITORS
A 1.0μF (or greater) capacitor is required between the output and ground for stability at output voltages of 5V or
more. At lower output voltages, more capacitance is required. Without this capacitor the part will oscillate. Most
types of tantalum or aluminum electrolytics work fine here; even film types work but are not recommended for
reasons of cost. Many aluminum electrolytics have electrolytes that freeze at about −30°C, so solid tantalums are
recommended for operation below −25°C. The important parameters of the capacitor are an ESR of about 5 Ωor
less and a resonant frequency above 500 kHz. The value of this capacitor may be increased without limit.
At lower values of output current, less output capacitance is required for stability. The capacitor can be reduced
to 0.33 μF for currents below 10 mA or 0.1 μF for currents below 1 mA. Using the 8-pin version at voltages below
5V runs the error amplifier at lower gains so that more output capacitance is needed. For the worst-case situation
of a 100 mA load at 1.23V output (Output shorted to Feedback) a 3.3 μF (or greater) capacitor should be used.
Unlike many other regulators, the LP4950C will remain stable and in regulation with no load in addition to the
internal voltage divider. This is especially important in CMOS RAM keep-alive applications. When setting the
output voltage of the LP4951C version with external resistors, a minimum load of 1μA is recommended.
A 0.1μF capacitor should be placed from the LP4950C/LP4951C input to ground if there is more than 10 inches
of wire between the input and the AC filter capacitor or if a battery is used as the input.
Stray capacitance to the LP4951C Feedback terminal (pin 7) can cause instability. This may especially be a
problem when using high value external resistors to set the output voltage. Adding a 100pF capacitor between
Output and Feedback and increasing the output capacitor to at least 3.3μF will fix this problem.
ERROR DETECTION COMPARATOR OUTPUT
The comparator produces a logic low output whenever the LP4951C output falls out of regulation by more than
approximately 5%. This figure is the comparator's built-in offset of about 60 mV divided by the 1.235 reference
voltage. (See to the block diagram in the front of the datasheet.) This trip level remains “5% below normal”
regardless of the programmed output voltage of the 4951C. For example, the error flag trip level is typically
4.75V for a 5V output or 11.4V for a 12V output. The out of regulation condition may be due either to low input
voltage, current limiting, or thermal limiting.
Figure 36 below gives a timing diagram depicting the ERROR signal and the regulated output voltage as the
LP4951C input is ramped up and down. The ERROR signal becomes valid (low) at about 1.3V input. It goes high
at about 5V input (the input voltage at which VOUT = 4.75V). Since the LP4951C's dropout voltage is load-
dependent (see curve in typical performance characteristics), the input voltage trip point (about 5V) will vary with
the load current. The output voltage trip point (approx. 4.75V) does not vary with load.
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The error comparator has an open-collector output which requires an external pullup resistor. This resistor may
be returned to the output or some other supply voltage depending on system requirements. In determining a
value for this resistor, note that while the output is rated to sink 400μA, this sink current adds to battery drain in a
low battery condition. Suggested values range from 100k to 1 MΩ. The resistor is not required if this output is
unused.
*When VIN ≤1.3V, the error flag pin becomes a high impedance, and the error flag voltage rises to its pull-up voltage.
Using VOUT as the pull-up voltage (see Figure 37), rather than an external 5V source, will keep the error flag voltage
under 1.2V (typ.) in this condition. The user may wish to divide down the error flag voltage using equal-value resistors
(10 kΩsuggested), to ensure a low-level logic signal during any fault condition, while still allowing a valid high logic
level during normal operation.
Figure 36. ERROR Output Timing
PROGRAMMING THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE (LP4951C)
The LP4951C may be pin-strapped for 5V using its internal voltage divider by tying the pin 1 (output) to pin 2
(sense) pins together, and also tying the pin 7 (feedback) and pin 6 (VTAP) pins together. Alternatively, it may be
programmed for any output voltage between its 1.235V reference and its 30V maximum rating. As seen in
Figure 37, an external pair of resistors is required.
The complete equation for the output voltage is
(1)
where VREF is the nominal 1.235 reference voltage and IFB is the feedback pin bias current, nominally −20 nA.
The minimum recommended load current of 1μA forces an upper limit of 1.2 MΩon the value of R2, if the
regulator must work with no load (a condition often found in CMOS in standby). IFB will produce a 2% typical
error in VOUT which may be eliminated at room temperature by trimming R1. For better accuracy, choosing R2=
100k reduces this error to 0.17% while increasing the resistor program current to 12μA. Since the LP4951C
typically draws 60μA at no load with Pin 2 open-circuited, this is a small price to pay.
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*See Application Hints
.
.**Drive with TTL-high to shut down. Ground or leave open if shutdown feature is not to be used.
.
Note: Pins 2 and 6 are left open.
Figure 37. Adjustable Regulator (LP4951C)
REDUCING OUTPUT NOISE
In reference applications it may be advantageous to reduce the AC noise present at the output. One method is to
reduce the regulator bandwidth by increasing the size of the output capacitor. This is the only way noise can be
reduced on the 3 lead LP4950C but is relatively inefficient, as increasing the capacitor from 1μF to 220μF only
decreases the noise from 430μV to 160μV rms for a 100kHz bandwidth at 5V output.
Noise can be reduced fourfold by a bypass capacitor across R1, since it reduces the high frequency gain from 4
to unity. Pick
(2)
or about 0.01μF. When doing this, the output capacitor must be increased to 3.3μF to maintain stability. These
changes reduce the output noise from 430μV to 100μV rms for a 100kHz bandwidth at 5V output. With the
bypass capacitor added, noise no longer scales with output voltage so that improvements are more dramatic at
higher output voltages.
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REVISION HISTORY
Changes from Revision B (April 2013) to Revision C Page
• Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format .......................................................................................................... 14
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
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Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device Status
(1)
Package Type Package
Drawing Pins Package
Qty Eco Plan
(2)
Lead/Ball Finish
(6)
MSL Peak Temp
(3)
Op Temp (°C) Device Marking
(4/5)
Samples
LP4951CM/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 8 95 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 LP495
1CM
LP4951CMX/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 LP495
1CM
(1) The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)
(3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
(4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.
(5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation
of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.
(6) Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish
value exceeds the maximum column width.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
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Addendum-Page 2
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
*All dimensions are nominal
Device Package
Type Package
Drawing Pins SPQ Reel
Diameter
(mm)
Reel
Width
W1 (mm)
A0
(mm) B0
(mm) K0
(mm) P1
(mm) W
(mm) Pin1
Quadrant
LP4951CMX/NOPB SOIC D 8 2500 330.0 12.4 6.5 5.4 2.0 8.0 12.0 Q1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 5-Dec-2014
Pack Materials-Page 1
*All dimensions are nominal
Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)
LP4951CMX/NOPB SOIC D 8 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 5-Dec-2014
Pack Materials-Page 2
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