Features
Guaranteed 20 mA loop parameters
Data input compatible with LSTTL, TTL and CMOS
Logic
Internal shield for High Common Mode rejection
20 kBaud data rate at 400 metres line length
Guaranteed On and O output current levels
Safety approval
UL Recognized -3750 V rms for 1 minute
CSA Approved
Optically coupled 20 mA current loop receiver,
HCPL-4200, also available
Applications
Isolated 20 mA current loop transmitter in:
Computer peripherals
Industrial control equipment
Data communications equipment
CAUTION: It is advised that normal static precautions be taken in handling and assembly
of this component to prevent damage and/or degradation which may be induced by ESD.
A 0.1 μF bypass capacitor connected between pins 8 and 5 is recommended.
Description
The HCPL-4100 optocoupler is designed to operate as a
transmitter in equipment using the 20mA current loop.
20 mA current loop systems conventionally signal a
logic high state by transmitting 20 mA of loop current
(MARK), and signal a logic low state by allowing no
more than a few milliamperes of loop current (SPACE).
Optical coupling of the signal from the logic input to the
20 mA current loop breaks ground loops and provides
very high immunity to common mode interference.
The HCPL-4100 data input is compatible with
LSTTL, TTL, or CMOS logic gates. The input integrated
circuit drives a GaAsP LED. The light emitted by the LED is
sensed by a second integrated circuit that allows 20 mA
to pass with a voltage drop of less than 2.7 volts when
no light is emitted and allows less than 2 mA to pass
when light is emitted. The transmitter output is capable
of withstanding 27 volts. The input integrated circuit
provides a controlled amount of LED drive current and
takes into account any LED light output degradation. The
internal shield allows a guaranteed 1000 V/μs common
mode transient immunity.
Functional Diagram
HCPL-4100
Optically Coupled 20 mA Current Loop Transmitter
Data Sheet
Lead (Pb) Free
RoHS 6 fully
compliant
RoHS 6 fully compliant options available;
-xxxE denotes a lead-free product
2
Package Outline Drawings
8-Pin DIP Package (HCPL-4100)
9.65 ± 0.25
(0.380 ± 0.010)
1.78 (0.070) MAX.
1.19 (0.047) MAX.
A XXXX
YYWW
DATE CODE
1.080 ± 0.320
(0.043 ± 0.013) 2.54 ± 0.25
(0.100 ± 0.010)
0.51 (0.020) MIN.
0.65 (0.025) MAX.
4.70 (0.185) MAX.
2.92 (0.115) MIN.
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS AND (INCHES).
NOTE: FLOATING LEAD PROTRUSION IS 0.25 mm (10 mils) MAX.
5678
4321
5° TYP.
TYPE NUMBER
UL
RECOGNITION
UR
0.254 + 0.076
- 0.051
(0.010+ 0.003)
- 0.002)
7.62 ± 0.25
(0.300 ± 0.010)
6.35 ± 0.25
(0.250 ± 0.010)
3.56 ± 0.13
(0.140 ± 0.005)
Ordering Information
HCPL-4100 is UL Recognized with 3750 Vrms for 1 minute per UL1577.
Part number
Option
Package Surface Mount Gull Wing Tape & Reel Quantity
RoHS
Compliant
Non-RoHS
Compliant
HCPL-4100
-000E No option
300 mil
DIP-8
50 per tube
-300E #300 X X 50 per tube
-500E #500 X X X 1000 per reel
To order, choose a part number from the part number column and combine with the desired option from the option
column to form an order entry.
Example 1:
HCPL-4100-500E to order product of Gull Wing Surface Mount package in Tape and Reel packaging in RoHS
compliant.
Example 2:
HCPL-4100 to order product of 300 mil DIP package in tube packaging and non-RoHS compliant.
Option datasheets are available. Contact your Avago sales representative or authorized distributor for information.
Remarks: The notation ‘#XXX’ is used for existing products, while (new) products launched since 15th July 2001 and
RoHS compliant option will use ‘-XXXE’.
3
8-Pin DIP Package with Gull Wing Surface Mount Option 300 (HCPL-4100)
Figure 1. Solder Reow Thermal Prole.
Solder Reow Thermal Prole
0
TIME (SECONDS)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
200
100
50 150100 200 250
300
0
30
SEC.
50 SEC.
30
SEC.
160°C
140°C
150°C
PEAK
TEMP.
245°C
PEAK
TEMP.
240°C
PEAK
TEMP.
230°C
SOLDERING
TIME
200°C
PREHEATING TIME
150°C, 90 + 30 SEC.
2.5°C ± 0.5°C/SEC.
3°C + 1°C/–0.5°C
TIGHT
TYPICAL
LOOSE
ROOM
TEMPERATURE
PREHEATING RATE 3°C + 1°C/–0.5°C/SEC.
REFLOW HEATING RATE 2.5°C ± 0.5°C/SEC.
0.635 ± 0.25
(0.025 ± 0.010) 12° NOM.
9.65 ± 0.25
(0.380 ± 0.010)
0.635 ± 0.130
(0.025 ± 0.005)
7.62 ± 0.25
(0.300 ± 0.010)
5
6
7
8
4
3
2
1
9.65 ± 0.25
(0.380 ± 0.010)
6.350 ± 0.25
(0.250 ± 0.010)
1.080 ± 0.320
(0.043 ± 0.013)
1.780
(0.070)
MAX.
1.19
(0.047)
MAX.
2.54
(0.100)
BSC
0.254 + 0.076
- 0.051
(0.010+ 0.003)
- 0.002)
1.016 (0.040)
1.27 (0.050)
10.9 (0.430)
2.0 (0.080)
LAND PATTERN RECOMMENDATION
3.56 ± 0.13
(0.140 ± 0.005)
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS (INCHES).
LEAD COPLANARITY = 0.10 mm (0.004 INCHES).
NOTE: FLOATING LEAD PROTRUSION IS 0.25 mm (10 mils) MAX.
Note: Non-halide ux should be used.
4
Regulatory Information
The HCPL-4100 has been approved
by the following organizations:
UL
Recognized under UL 1577, Com-
ponent Recognition Program, File
E55361.
CSA
Approved under CSA Component
Acceptance Notice #5, File CA
88324.
Insulation and Safety Related Specications
Parameter Symbol Value Units Conditions
Min. External Air Gap L(IO1) 7.1 mm Measured from input terminals to output
(External Clearance) terminals, shortest distance through air
Min. External Tracking Path L(IO2) 7.4 mm Measured from input terminals to output
(External Creepage) terminals, shortest distance path along body
Min. Internal Plastic Gap 0.08 mm Through insulation distance, conductor to
(Internal Clearance) conductor, usually the direct distance
between the photoemitter and photodetector
inside the optocoupler cavity
Tracking Resistance CTI 200 Volts DIN IEC 112/VDE 0303 PART 1
(Comparative Tracking Index)
Isolation Group IIIa Material Group (DIN VDE 0110, 1/89, Table 1)
Option 300 – surface mount classication is Class A in accordance with CECC 00802.
Recommended Pb-Free IR Prole
Figure 2. Pb-Free IR Prole.
217 °C
RAMP-DOWN
6 °C/SEC. MAX.
RAMP-UP
3 °C/SEC. MAX.
150 - 200 °C
260 +0/-5 °C
t 25 °C to PEAK
60 to 150 SEC.
20-40 SEC.
TIME WITHIN 5 °C of ACTUAL
PEAK TEMPERATURE
t
p
t
s
PREHEAT
60 to 180 SEC.
t
L
T
L
T
smax
T
smin
25
T
p
TIME
TEMPERATURE
NOTES:
THE TIME FROM 25 °C to PEAK TEMPERATURE = 8 MINUTES MAX.
T
smax
= 200 °C, T
smin
= 150 °C
Note: Non-halide ux should be used.
5
Absolute Maximum Ratings
(No Derating Required up to 55°C)
Storage Temperature .............................................................................................-55°C to +125°C
Operating Temperature ..........................................................................................-40°C to +85°C
Lead Solder Temperature ..............................260°C for 10 s (1.6 mm below seating plane)
Supply Voltage – VCC ..........................................................................................................0 V to 20 V
Average Output Current - IO ..............................................................................-30 mA to 30 mA
Peak Output Current - IO ................................................................................... Internally Limited
Output Voltage – VO .......................................................................................................-0.4 V to 27 V
Input Voltage – VI ............................................................................................................-0.5 V to 20 V
Input Power Dissipation – PI ...........................................................................................265 mW[1]
Output Power Dissipation – PO ......................................................................................125 mW[2]
Total Power Dissipation – P .............................................................................................360 mW[3]
Infrared and Vapor Phase Reow Temperature
(Option #300) ..................................................................................... see Fig. 1, Thermal Prole
Recommended Operating Conditions
Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Units
Power Supply Voltage VCC 4.5 20 Volts
Input Voltage Low VIL 0 0.8 Volts
Input Voltage High VIH 2.0 20 Volts
Operating Temperature TA 0 70 °C
Output Voltage VO 0 27 Volts
Output Current IO 0 24 mA
DC Electrical Specications
For 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C, 4.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 20 V, all typicals at TA = 25°C and VCC = 5 V unless otherwise noted. See note 12.
Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Units Test Conditions Fig. Note
Mark State Output VMO 1.8 2.25 Volts IO = 2 mA, VI = 2.0 V 2, 3
Voltage 2.2 Volts IO = 12 mA, VI = 2.0 V
2.35 2.7 Volts IO = 20 mA, VI = 2.0 V
Mark State Short ISC 30 85 mA VI = 2 V, VO = 5 V to 27 V 4
Circuit Output
Current
Space State Input ISO 0.5 1.1 2.0 mA VI = 0.8 V, VO = 27 V 4
Current
Low Level Input IIL -0.12 -0.32 mA VCC = 20 V, VI = 0.4 V
Current
Low Level Input VIL 0.8 Volts
Voltage
High Level Input VIH 2.0 Volts
Voltage
High Level Input IIH 20 μA VI = 2.7 V
Current 100 μA VI = 5.5 V
0.005 250 μA VI = 20 V
Supply Current ICC 7.0 11.5 mA VCC = 5.5 V, 0 V ≤ VI ≤ 20 V
7.8 13 mA VCC = 20 V , 0 V ≤ VI ≤ 20 V
6
Switching Specications
For 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C, 4.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 20 V, all typicals at TA = 25°C and VCC = 5 V unless otherwise noted. See note 12.
Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Units Test Conditions Fig. Note
Propagation Delay Time tPLH 0.3 1.6 μs CO = 1000 pF, 5, 6, 6
to Logic High Output Level CL = 15 pF, 7
I
O = 20 mA
Propagation Delay Time tPHL 0.2 1.0 μs CO = 1000 pF, 5, 6, 7
to Logic Low Output Level CL = 15 pF, 7
I
O = 20 mA
Propagation Delay Time tPLH - tPHL 0.1 μs IO = 20 mA
Skew
Output Rise Time tr 16 ns IO = 20 mA, 6, 8 8
(10-90%) CO = 1000 pF,
C
L = 15 pF
Output Fall Time tf 23 ns IO = 20 mA, 6, 8 9
(90-10%) CO = 1000 pF,
C
L = 15 pF
Common Mode Transient |CMH| 1,000 10,000 V/μs VI = 2 V, 9, 10 10
Immunity at Logic High TA = 25°C
Output Level V
CM = 50 V (peak),
V
CC = 5 V
I
O (min.) = 12 mA
Common Mode Transient |CML| 1,000 10,000 V/μs VI = 0.8 V, 9, 10 11
Immunity at Logic Low TA = 25°C
Output Level V
CM = 50 V (peak),
V
CC = 5 V
I
O (max.) = 3 mA
Package Characteristics
For 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C, unless otherwise specied. All typicals at TA = 25°C.
Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Units Test Conditions Fig. Notes
Input-Output Momentary VISO 3750 V rms RH ≤ 50%, t = 1 min,
Withstand Voltage* TA = 25°C 5, 13
Resistance, Input-Output RI-O 1012 ohms VI-O = 500 V dc 5
Capacitance, Input-Output CI-O 1 pF f = 1 MHz,
V
I-O = 0 V dc 5
*The Input-Output Momentary Withstand Voltage is a dielectric voltage rating that should not be interpreted as an input-output continuous volt-
age rating. For the continuous voltage rating refer to the IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2 Insulation Characteristics Table (if applicable), your equipment
level safety specication, or Avago Application Note 1074, “Optocoupler Input-Output Endurance Voltage.”
7
Notes:
1. Derate linearly above 55°C free air temperature at a rate of 3.8 mW/°C. Proper application of the derating factors will prevent IC junction
temperatures from exceeding 125°C for ambient temperatures up to 85°C.
2. Derate linearly above a free-air temperature of 70°C at a rate of 2.3 mW/°C. A signicant amount of power may be dissipated in the HCPL-4100
output circuit during the transition from the SPACE state to the MARK state when driving a data line or capacitive load (COUT). The average power
dissipation during the transition can be estimated from the following equation which assumes a linear discharge of a capacitive load: P = ISC (VSO
+ VMO)/2, where VSO is the output voltage in the SPACE state. The duration of this transition can be estimated as t = COUT (VSO - VMO)/ISC. For typical
applications driving twisted pair data lines with NRZ data as shown in Figure 12, the transition time will be less than 10% of one bit time.
3. Derate linearly above 55°C free-air temperature at a rate of 5.1 mW/°C.
4. The maximum current that will ow into the output in the mark state (ISC) is internally limited to protect the device. The duration of the output
short circuit shall not exceed 10 ms.
5. The device is considered a two terminal device, pins 1, 2, 3, and 4 are connected together, and pins 5, 6, 7, and 8 are connected together.
6. The tPLH propagation delay is measured from the 1.3 volt level on the leading edge of the input pulse to the 10 mA level on the leading edge of
the output pulse.
7. The tPHL propagation delay is measured from the 1.3 volt level on the trailing edge of the input pulse to the 10 mA level on the trailing edge of
the output pulse.
8. The rise time, tr, is measured from the 10% to the 90% level on the rising edge of the output current pulse.
9. The fall time, tf, is measured from the 90% to the 10% level on the falling edge of the output current pulse.
10. Common mode transient immunity in the logic high level is the maximum (positive) dVCM/dt on the leading edge of the common mode pulse,
VCM, that can be sustained with the output in a Mark (“H”) state (i.e., IO > 12 mA).
11. Common mode transient immunity in the logic low level is the maximum (positive) dVCM /dt on the leading edge of the common mode pulse,
VCM, that can be sustained with the output in a Space (“L”) state (i.e., IO < 3 mA).
12. Use of a 0.1 μF bypass capacitor connected between pins 5 and 8 is recommended.
13. In accordance with UL 1577, each optocoupler is momentary withstand proof tested by applying an insulation test voltage ≥ 4500 V rms for 1
second (leakage detection current limit, Ii-o ≤ 5 μA).
Figure 3. Typical Mark State Output Voltage vs.
Temperature.
Figure 4. Typical Output Voltage vs. Loop Cur-
rent.
Figure 5. Typical Space State Output Current vs.
Temperature.
VO – OUTPUT VOLTAGE – V
-40
1.6
1.2
TA – TEMPERATURE – °C
060
1.8
1.4
-20 20 40
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
80 100
IO
20 mA
12 mA
2 mA
VCC = 5 V
VI = 2 V
VO – OUTPUT VOLTAGE – V
0
1.0
0
IO – OUTPUT CURRENT – mA
10 20
1.5
0.5
515
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
25 30
VCC = 5 V
VI = 2 V
TA = 25 °C
IS – SPACE CURRENT – mA
-40
0.8
0.6
TA – TEMPERATURE – °C
060
0.9
0.7
-20 20 40
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
80 100
VO
27 V
20 V
VCC = 5 V
VI = 0.8 V
8
t
p
– PROPAGATION DELAY – μs
-40
0.2
0
T
A
– TEMPERATURE – °C
060
0.3
0.1
-20 20 40
0.4
0.5
0.6
80 100
t
PLH
C
O
= 1000 pF
C
L
= 15 pF
V
CC
= 5 V
I
O
= 20 mA
t
PHL
Figure 6. Test Circuit for tPLH, tPHL, tr, and tf. Figure 7. Waveforms for tPLH, tPHL, tr, and tf.
Figure 8. Typical Propagation Delay vs. Tem-
perature.
Figure 9. Typical Rise, Fall Times vs. Tempera-
ture.
tr, tf – RISE AND FALL TIMES – ns
-40
20
0
TA – TEMPERATURE – °C
060
30
10
-20 20 40
40
50
60
70
80 100
tf
VCC = 5 V
COUT = 1000 pF
CL = 15 pF
IO = 20 mA
tr
Figure 10. Test Circuit for Common Mode Transient Immunity. Figure 11. Typical Waveforms for Common Mode Transient
Immunity.
9
Applications
Data transfer between equipment which employs current
loop circuits can be accomplished via one of three congu-
rations: simplex, half duplex or full duplex communication.
With these congurations, point-to-point and multidrop
arrange ments are possible. The appropriate conguration
to use depends upon data rate, number of stations, number
and length of lines, direction of data ow, protocol, current
source location and voltage compliance value, etc.
Simplex
The simplex conguration, whether point to point or
multi drop, gives unidirectional data ow from transmit-
ter to trans mitter(s). This is the simplest conguration for
use in long line length (two wire), moderate data rate, and
low current source compliance level applications. A block
diagram of simplex point to point arrangement is given in
Figure 12 for the HCPL-4100 transmitter optocoupler.
Major factors which limit maxi mum data rate performance
for a simplex loop are the location and compliance volt-
age of the loop current source as well as the total line
capacitance. Application of the HCPL-4100 transmitter
in a simplex loop necessitates thtat a non-isolated active
receiver (containing current source) be used at the opposite
end of the current loop. With long line length, large line
capacitance will need to be charged to the compliance
voltage level of the current source before the receiver
loop current decreases to zero. This eect limits upper data
rate performance. Slower data rates will occur with larger
compliance voltage levels. The maximum compliance level
is determined by the transmitter breakdown characteristic.
In addition, adequate compliance of the current source
must be available for voltage drops across station(s) dur-
ing the MARK state in multidrop applications for long
line lengths.
Figure 12. Simplex Point to Point Current Loop System Conguration.
In a simplex multidrop applica tion with multiple HCPL-
4100 transmitters and one non-isolated active receiver,
priority of transmitters must be established.
A recommended non-isolated active receiver circuit which
can be used with the HCPL-4100 in point-to-point or in
multidrop 20 mA current loop applications is given in Figure
13. This non-isolated active receiver current threshold must
be chosen properly in order to provide adequate noise
immunity as well as not to detect SPACE state current (bias
current) of the HCPL-4100 transmitter. The receiver input
threshold current is Vth/Rth 10 mA. A simple transistor
current source provides a nominal 20 mA loop current over
a VCC compliance range of 6 V dc to 27 V dc. A resistor can
be used in place of the constant current source for simple
applications where the wire loop distance and number
of stations on the loop are xed. A minimum transmitter
output load capac itance of 1000 pF is required between
pins 3 and 4 to ensure absolute stability.
Length of current loop (one direction) versus minimum
required DC supply voltage, VCC, of the circuit in Figure 13
is graphically illustrated in Figure 14. Multidrop congura-
tions will require larger VCC than Figure 14 predicts in order
to account for additional station terminal voltage drops.
Typical data rate performance versus distance is illustrated
in Figure 15 for the combination of a non-isolated active
receiver and HCPL-4100 optically coupled current loop
transmitter shown in Figure 13. Curves are shown for
10
Figure 13. Recommended Non-Isolated Active Receiver with HCPL-4100 Isolated Transmitter for Simplex Point to Point 20 mA Current Loop.
25% distortion data rate at dierent VCC values. 25% distor-
tion data rate is dened as that rate at which 25% distortion
occurs to output bit interval with respect to the input bit
interval. Maximum data rate (dotted line) is restricted by
device character is tics. An input Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ)
test waveform of 16 bits (0000001011111101) was used
for data rate distortion measure ments. Enhanced speed
performance of the loop system can be obtained with lower
VCC supply levels, as illustrated in Figure 15. In addition,
when loop current is supplied through a resistor instead
of by a current source, an additional series termination
resistance equal to the characteristic line impedance can
be used at the HCPL-4100 transmitter end to enhance
speed of response by approximately 20%.
Figure 14. Minimum Required Supply Voltage, VCC, vs.
Loop Length for Current Loop Circuit of Figure 13. Figure 15. Typical Data Rate vs. Distance and
Supply Voltage.
VCC – VOLTS
0
12
0
L – LOOP LENGTH (ONE DIRECTION) METERS
100 1000
16
4
28
32
36
40
10000
m
VCC = 0.00212 — (L) + 5.7 V
RCABLE = 0.05296
Ω
/m
ILOOP = 20 mA
VMARK = 2.7 Vdc (HCPL-4100)
VSAT = 1.5 Vdc (CURRENT SOURCE)
TA = 25 °C
V
24
20
8
The cable used contained ve pairs of unshielded, twisted,
22 AWG wire (Dearborn #862205). Loop current is 20 mA
nominal. Input and output logic supply voltages are 5 V
dc.
Full Duplex
The full duplex point-to-point communication of Fig-
ure 16 uses a four wire system to provide simultane-
ous, bidirectional data communication between local
and remote equipment. The basic application uses
two simplex point-to-point loops which have two
separate, active, non-isolated units at one common
end of the loops. The other end of each loop is isolated.
11
As Figure 16 illustrates, the combination of Avago current
loop optocouplers, HCPL-4100 transmitter and HCPL-4200
receiver, can be used at the isolated end of current loops.
Cross talk and common mode coupling are greatly reduced
when optical isolation is imple mented at the same end of
both loops, as shown. Full duplex data rate is limited by the
non-isolated active transmitter current loop. Comments
mentioned under simplex conguration apply to the full
duplex case. Consult the HCPL-4200 receiver opto coupler
data sheet for specied device performance.
Half Duplex
The half duplex conguration, whether point to point or
multi drop, gives non-simultaneous bidirectional data ow
from transmitters to transmitters shown in Figures 17a and
17b. This conguration allows the use of two wires to carry
data back and forth between local and remote units. How-
ever, protocol must be used to determine which specic
transmitter can operate at any given time. Maximum data
rate for a half duplex system is limited by the loop current
charging time. These considera tions were explained in the
Simplex cong ura tion section.
Figure 16. Full Duplex Point to Point Current Loop System Conguration.
Figures 17a and 17b illustrate half duplex application for
the combination of HCPL-4100/-4200 optocouplers. The
unique and complementary designs of the HCPL-4100
transmitter and HCPL-4200 receiver optocoup lers provide
many designed-in benets. For example, total optical isola-
tion at one end of the current loop is easily accom plished,
which results in substantial removal of common mode
inuences, elimination of ground potential dierences
and reduction of power supply requirements. With this
combina tion of HCPL-4100/-4200 opto couplers, specic
current loop noise immunity is provided, i.e., minimum
SPACE state current noise immunity is 1 mA, MARK state
noise immunity is 8 mA.
Voltage compliance of the current source must be of an
adequate level for operating all units in the loop while
not exceeding 27 V dc, the maximum breakdown voltage
for the HCPL-4100. Note that the HCPL-4100 transmitter
will allow output loop current to conduct when input VCC
power is o. Consult the HCPL-4200 receiver optocoupler
data sheet for specied device performance.
For more information about the HCPL-4100/-4200 opto-
couplers, consult Application Note 1018.
Figure 17. Half Duplex Current Loop System Congurations for (a) Point to Point, (b) Multidrop.
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Avago, Avago Technologies, and the A logo are trademarks of Avago Technologies in the United States and other countries.
Data subject to change. Copyright © 2005-2010 Avago Technologies. All rights reserved. Obsoletes AV01-0540EN
AV02-2352EN - July 2, 2010
